Pay transparency refers to the practice of making salary information publicly available for all employees within an organization. The idea behind pay transparency is to promote fairness and equality in the workplace by allowing employees to see how their salaries compare to their colleagues. However, recent studies have suggested that there may be unintended consequences of pay transparency, particularly with regard to employee wages and performance.
In this article, we will discuss the potential negative impact of horizontal pay transparency on employee wages, the different effects of horizontal and vertical wage transparency on employee performance, and the positive impact of learning that managerial positions earn more on employee optimism and motivation. We will also examine the regulatory and legislative framework surrounding pay transparency in various countries and regions.
The Potential Negative Impact of Horizontal Pay Transparency on Employee Wages
Studies conducted by various experts in the field suggest there may be an unwanted side effect for employees; employers may lower wages. This is because “horizontal” pay transparency has created spillovers between negotiations, making it more costly for employers to give a dollar raise to one worker due to renegotiations with other workers.
According to a 2018 study conducted by PayScale, a salary comparison website, companies with more pay transparency consistently paid lower wages than those that kept salaries secret. The study found that there is a negative association between pay transparency and wages for employees who are underpaid. Therefore, it is important for organizations to not only implement pay transparency, but also to ensure that it is implemented effectively and fairly.
The Different Effects of Horizontal and Vertical Wage Transparency on Employee Performance
If we differentiate between horizontal wage transparency, which involves making the salaries of all employees known to each other, and vertical transparency, which involves disclosing the salaries of higher-level positions such as managers to lower-level employees, then academic experiments indicate that employee performance may actually increase as they see the rewards of promotion.
A 2018 study conducted by researchers at Cornell University found that employees who learned they earned less than their peers became significantly more productive. The study showed that knowing more about the pay for the same job performed by others increased performance, but only when the other employees were performing well. However, when the other employees were performing poorly, learning their earnings actually decreased the employee’s performance.
The Positive Impact of Learning that Managerial Positions Earn More on Employee Optimism and Motivation
A study by Cullen showed that employees become more optimistic about their own salaries five years in the future when they learn that their managers earn more. It also found that the effects are stronger for managerial positions that the employees can aspire to attain.
Employees who learn that managers who are a few promotions away earn more expect higher salaries in five years and work harder. However, when employees discover the high salaries of managerial positions they cannot aspire to attain, the effects are close to zero and statistically insignificant. Therefore, it is important for organizations to provide clear career paths and opportunities for employees to aspire to higher-paying positions in order to maximize the positive effects of pay transparency on employee motivation and morale.
Regulations and legislation surrounding pay transparency
Regulations require companies to disclose pay ranges to job candidates in several states and cities throughout the US, including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Nevada, New York City, Rhode Island, and Washington. The goal of these regulations is to provide greater transparency so that job seekers can make informed decisions about potential employment opportunities.
The Prince Edward Island government re-enacted regulations on June 1st, 2022. Newfoundland and Labrador followed suit last November, but only for public sector employers. British Columbia is also developing legislation, while Ontario’s Pay Transparency Act, 2018 is pending becoming a law and is awaiting the public response.
Furthermore, there is currently a bill in Parliament that would make gender pay comparisons mandatory for employers with over 100 staff from 2024. The aim of this bill is to narrow the gender pay gap by requiring employers to disclose gender-based salary information.
Pay transparency has the potential to promote fairness, equality, and employee satisfaction in the workplace. However, organizations must be aware of its potential negative consequences, particularly with regards to employee wages. The implementation of pay transparency must be done fairly and effectively to ensure that employees are not unfairly penalized. Furthermore, organizations must provide clear career paths and opportunities for employees to aspire to higher-paying positions to maximize the positive effects of pay transparency on employee morale and motivation. Finally, regulatory and legislative frameworks must be in place to ensure that pay transparency is implemented in a fair and equitable manner.