Sea Turtle, a hacking group aligned with the Turkish government, has recently resurfaced after operating undetected since 2020. This advanced persistent threat (APT) group has been conducting multiple espionage campaigns, particularly targeting the Netherlands between 2021 and 2023. Additionally, Sea Turtle has demonstrated a focus on Kurdish websites, specifically those affiliated with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK). In this article, we will delve into the tactics employed by Sea Turtle, highlight their efforts in stealing sensitive information, and discuss the implications of their actions.
Multiple espionage campaigns have been reported in the Netherlands
Sea Turtle’s recent activities have been centered on conducting espionage campaigns in the Netherlands. This hacking group has shown persistent dedication to infiltrating various targets within the country’s infrastructure. Through their operations, Sea Turtle has sought to obtain sensitive information, likely for surveillance or intelligence gathering purposes. The specific nature and targets of these espionage campaigns will be explored in greater detail in the following section.
Targeting Kurdish websites
In addition to their activities in the Netherlands, Sea Turtle has displayed a particular interest in targeting Kurdish websites, specifically those associated with the PKK. The motivations behind this focus on Kurdish websites could range from political to intelligence gathering objectives. By targeting these sites, Sea Turtle demonstrates their ability to infiltrate and compromise platforms that may be used by opposition groups.
Exploitation of stolen information
The information stolen by Sea Turtle is incredibly valuable for its potential applications, including surveillance and intelligence gathering. The hacked data may be exploited to gain insights into the activities and communications of specific individuals or groups. This captured information allows Sea Turtle, and potentially those aligned with the Turkish government, to monitor and manipulate the targeted entities to further their own strategic interests.
Methodology: Compromised Account and Shell
To gain access to their targets’ IT infrastructure, Sea Turtle employed various techniques. One notable method involved using a compromised account on cPanel, a popular web hosting control panel. Through this compromised account, Sea Turtle was able to penetrate the target’s system. They also installed Adminer, a publicly available database management tool, to assist in their operations. This allowed for easier manipulation of data and increased control within the compromised infrastructure.
SnappyTCP and Email Archive Copy
Sea Turtle utilized a reverse TCP shell named SnappyTCP, specifically designed for Linux/Unix operating systems. This sophisticated shell provided Sea Turtle with a stealthy means of executing commands on the target system. By leveraging SnappyTCP, Sea Turtle was able to create a copy of an email archive, ensuring that they could obtain valuable communications and potentially gain leverage over targeted individuals or groups.
Background on Sea Turtles
Sea Turtle gained prominence between 2018 and 2020 through a series of DNS hijacking campaigns. This period showcased their expertise in leveraging technical vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to internet infrastructure and redirect traffic to their own malicious servers. While attributing cyberattacks to specific actors is challenging, Sea Turtle is widely believed to be affiliated with or aligned with the Turkish government, enabling them to pursue their objectives with state support.
The recent resurgence of Sea Turtle underscores the persistent threat posed by hacking groups aligned with governments. Their multiple espionage campaigns in the Netherlands, targeting of Kurdish websites, and utilization of advanced techniques like compromised accounts and shells emphasize the need for strengthened cybersecurity measures. Authorities, organizations, and individuals must remain vigilant to mitigate the risk of cyber intrusions and protect sensitive information. By staying informed and implementing robust security practices, we can better defend against APT groups like Sea Turtle and safeguard our digital landscape.